Get Started
Is your district interested in rapid antigen testing?
While the SOS piloti itself is full, the project can share information, resources and training to help you get started. Contact us so that we can connect you to others and share our learning process.
Key Steps
Key steps for starting in your District:
- Buy-in from the Superintendent and ideally your staff and teachers
- A submitted Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendment (CLIA) Waiver signed by a licensed physician or other eligible professional. Read about it here. This waiver allows rapid antigen tests to be performed outside of a laboratory, and under the supervision of this professional. As of February 2021, the California Department of Public health is offering participation in an umbrella waiver for schools that comply with certain requirements. See below.
- Staff identified to coordinate and administer screening at each testing site. They do not need to be health professionals but involvement and oversight by school nurses or other health professionals is very helpful and ideal.
- Formal communication with your staff and parent communities about the new service
- A data platform to: manage the information on staff students; register consent; schedule testing; enter results; report results to the person tested or parents and the mandatory reporting to the state; and provide an easily understandable information dashboard for the district.
- Appropriate training for your team
- A way to obtain follow-up PCR testing when needed either through your data platform provider and another lab or externally through other community partners
CLIA Waiver
To use rapid antigen tests in the school setting you will need a Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendment (CLIA) Waiver. A CLIA waiver allows you to carry out a low complexity test like Binax Now outside of the traditional clinical laboratory setting but with some professional oversight. This is required by the FDA for use of most rapid antigen tests. The waiver process varies from state to state. To obtain a CLIA waiver for a California school district you have two options:
Option 1
Use the California Department of Public Health Waiver. To do this you will need to carry out a two-step enrollment process, obtain training, and certify competency of your trainees.
- Initial enrollment link
- Follow-up enrollment
- Submit a Competency Quiz for all trained personnel (link forthcoming)
Option 2
Identify a physician who will act as your CLIA Director.
Clinical laboratory directors are also eligible. This is not a demanding or time consuming thing to do. You can for example ask a community or parent physician to play that role. A school-based health center physician may be able to play this role. In some cases your local health department may be able to provide the medical oversight or a medical director for a county office of education. A CLIA waiver director can oversee multiple district waivers.
Complete and submit the paperwork. Forms are all available on the CDPH website here. They are submitted as uploaded attachments to the online application. You will need:
- The new online waiver application
- The Federal CMS 116 completed by the CLIA Director;
- The state LAB 183 form an attestation completed by the CLIA Director and the
- The state LAB182 attestation completed by the school district.
- A full list of the school sites where you plan to do the testing
Note: For the purposes of these documents the “Lab” is the school district name and address, the “owner” is the school authority, the “test” is Abbott Binax Now or whatever rapid test you are using, the setting is school, and CLIA number and State ID can be left blank. At present, in California, each school district needs to apply for a separate CLIA waiver, but not each school, if you are not using the CDPH waiver.
Pay the fees:
- The state fee to submit the CLIA application is $113 payable plus $26 per testing site payable to CDPH at the time of application
- The Federal fee is approximately $150 and will be invoiced later
Note: The school can start testing once the waiver request is submitted!
Issue a standing order for testing: Have your CLIA Director or another physician issue a standing order for testing with the selected test at your schools. See an example here.
Training
SOS Learning Collaborative participants complete comprehensive on-site and virtual training.
Who can be trained?
Trainees do not need to be health professionals to implement this test. The California Department of Public Health has determined that school personnel” who are caring for students under their responsibility” are authorized to carry out this test. However, participation or oversight of school nurses or other health professionals is valuable and should be used wherever possible.
Video Trainings available online include:
- Abbot BinaxNOW Training modules 1 – 4 (11 minutes)
- Training for reading equivocal tests for all Participants who will be reading or registering test results (8 minutes)
- HIPAA training (15 minutes) – only for those without certification
- For screening and test administrators who do not have a HIPAA certificate, you can receive one online after going through the online training course. There are a number of resources for HIPAA Training, for example this training with Accountable.
- If you already have your certificate, you will not need additional HIPAA training. Primary will collect the certificate during the intake process. Keenan School Resources also offers HIPAA training for subscribing schools.
- Donning PPE (4 minutes)
- Doffing PPE (4 minutes)
Video of children self-swabbing for rapid antigen testing
Other Key Training Materials
- California Department of Public Health COVID-19 Antigen Testing K-12 Schools Playbook
- This is a comprehensive guide to most information for rapid antigen testing. It walks the reader through all key information on what is needed for a testing program. It does not cover data platform issues or site set-up. This guide is most useful for school district or school screening program coordinators overseeing the entire process
- Training powerpoint. This powerpoint covers basic issues on the test, roles in the screening process, test interpretation and use of PCR. Some information is specific to the Primary Data Platform.
- Primary Learning Guide. This short guide covers basic steps for using the Primary data platform
- Material for laminated cards for tabletop use:
- Quality Control Log for BinaxNOW testing - Sites are require to perform the quality control tests once for each new shipment or lot received (not each box). Results should be logged here
- Training Log. Sites should keep careful records of training of staff implementing rapid antigen testing.
To use the SOS online training platform contact [email protected]
Data Platforms
A data platform is essential to support large scale screening. Key functions for a data platform, include:
- Registering students, staff and teachers. ideally an automated data upload should be feasible
- Collecting consent from staff and parents
- Scheduling tests if needed
- Appropriate language options for your community
- Entering test results and associating a test kit with the individual
- Carrying out mandatory public health reporting
- Notifying individuals or their parents of results
- Providing the district with a useful dashboard with which to understand findings and manage the process
- Connecting to PCR providers who can also carry out insurance billing
We are aware of a handful of such platforms, including:
- Primary.Health is the platform selected for this project which provides all the functions above. They have been very supportive with developing and providing training and tools across California
- Project Beacon was created for Massachusetts and is being used in other states
- Color is currently supporting PCR including the Perkins Elmer lab in Valencia and developing a rapid antigen testing interface
- Microsoft is developing an integrated COVID app for schools, starting with Los Angeles Unified School District but it is not yet more broadly available
In general such systems require an on-boarding fee and a per test processing fee which declines with volume. Some platforms can provide integrated for rapid antigen testing and PCR testing support. Primary.Health can also provide vaccination support. PCR fees may be folded into insurance billing.
Other Resources
California recommendations
- State of California Safe Schools for All Plan
- California Department of Education chart outlines sources of funding that can cover COVID-19 testing activities including rapid antigen testing.
National reports
- CDC new school guidance
- Rockefeller Foundation is supporting pilots or related research in Louisville, Tulsa, New Orleans, Rhode Island and Los Angeles. See Taking Back Control: A Resetting of America’s Response to COVID-19
- Covid-19 Testing Strategy to Open All of America’s Public Schools by March. See Rockefeller strategy here
- FDA List of approved Diagnostics for COVID-19
Scientific articles
- The science of BinaxNOW Now COVID-19 test. Numerous studies demonstrate the high sensitivity and specificity of the Abbott BinaxNOW tests although there is variation across studies. For purposes of preventing transmission in schools, the most relevant comparison is looking at the sensitivity and specificity in relation to PCR tests with what are called low Ct values. These indicate tests with a high level of the virus and the likelihood that the individual tested is infectious. The values generally associated with not being infectious are below a Ct of of 35, and more typically 25-30.
- See Rethinking Covid-19 Test Sensitivity — A Strategy for Containment (Harvard)
- Read about field performance and public health response using BinaxNOW (UCSF)
- Read about performance characteristics of rapid antigen detection at a public plaza testing site in San Francisco (UCSF)
- Read this evaluation of Abbott BinaxNOW Rapid Antigen Test at two community-based testing sites in Pima County, Arizona (CDC)
- Read about the analytical sensitivity of the Abbott BinaxNOW card (U. of Washington)
- Learn more about the performance characteristics of BinaxNOW in this report about Screening Asymptomatic Individuals in a University Setting (U. of Utah)